| 080018 |
Turkey |
New Approach to Food Packaging: Antimicrobial and Edible Materials |
Buca Municipality Kızılçullu Science and Art Center-BUCA IMSEF |
Bilal Esmer
Sinemis Nur Boz |
In recent years, studies on edible packaging materials, which are more rapidly destroyed in nature than other packaging materials due to their being made from edible materials, have increased. Edible packaging materials generally consist of four basic materials, polysaccharide, lipid, protein and resins. Among them, polysaccharides are preferred because of their edible coatings, carbon dioxide and oxygen permeability, thus providing the desired modified atmosphere condition without creating an anaerobic environment. Alginate, a polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is often used as edible packaging material because of prevents moisture loss of the product and positively affects the aggravation of lipid oxidation. In this project, it was aimed to obtain antimicrobial and edible packaging material by immobilizing nisin which is an antimicrobial peptide to alginate. In this context, immobilization of nisin to calcium alginate beads was carried out by adding nisin to the reaction medium containing sodium alginate and by dropping the calcium chloride solution using a blunt-ended syringe. With the optimization studies carried out within the scope of the project, the amount of immobilized nisin before the optimization was 8,93 mg, while the value after optimization was 12,85 mg. So, the amount of immobilized nisin was increased by 43,9%. Immobilization was demonstrated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and surface morphologies of beads were determined by taking SEM images. Antimicrobial testing of nisin immobilized calcium alginate beads at optimal conditions showed that the developed product reduced the overall viable count by 90% and maintained the appearance of the first cut of the chicken even after 1 week. As a result, a new edible packaging product has been developed that can be used to package different food products, which will increase shelf life due to its antimicrobial properties. Also, when the product is developed, alginate selected as the coating material is considered to be a threat to the ecological balance due to its easy disintegration in nature. In addition, developed new antimicrobial packaging material increases the potential of to be sold the product and ensures the consumer to reach a healthy product.
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| 080019 |
Philippines |
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of
antiangiogenic properties of sapinit (Rubus fraxinifolius) fruit crude extracts |
Philippine Science High School - Main Campus |
Angelica Vince L. Del Rosario
Vionne Beatrice G. Garcia
Janine Phoebe P. Liwanag |
Angelica Vince L. Del Rosario
b21.angelica.delrosario@pshs.edu.ph
Vionne Beatrice G. Garcia
b21.vionne.garcia@pshs.edu.ph
Janine Phoebe P. Liwanag
b21.janine.liwanag@pshs.edu.ph
Plants are potential low-cost alternatives for cancer treatment. Rubus fraxinifolius or “sapinit” has been found to possess phytochemicals with anti-cancer potential. This project aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic properties of methanolic R. fraxinifolius fruit crude extracts through the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Through phytochemical screening, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, and tannins were detected. For the CAM assay, 10, 20, and 30 μg/μL extracts, distilled water, methanol, and retinoic acid were applied on 60 ten-day-old chicken eggs. The CAM photographs were analyzed using ImageJ Software. The mean percent inhibitions (MPI) of total length and vascular density from both analyses were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA for the MPI of total length, followed by a Tukey post hoc test, show that only retinoic acid treatment has significantly higher MPI (p = 0.0010). Meanwhile, the results for the MPI of vascular density show no significant differences between all groups (p = 0.1630). It is possible that the concentrations used in the study may not be the concentrations needed to achieve optimal antiangiogenesis. The results may also be due to the absence of phytochemicals that exhibit significant antiangiogenic properties such as alkaloids. Lower concentrations and isolated phytochemicals may also be tested.
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| 080020 |
USA |
An In-Depth Patch-Clamp Study of HCN2 Channel (Year II): Discovery of Novel Biomarkers and Therapy for Ih Current Suppression in Autism Spectrum Disorders |
Maggie L Walker Governor's School for Government and International Studies |
Perisa Satish Ashar |
Ih currents in Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play a crucial role in neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, but are severely understudied. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior in 63,000,000 people worldwide. This study investigated the effect of the Dexmedetomidine sedative with/without cAMP and laser light stimulation with/without cAMP, Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and F002 (covalent compound of FITC+cAMP) on Ih currents in SHANK3-WT and SHANK3-Knock-out mice (models of ASD). Using whole cell patch-clamping, a pipette was inserted through cell membranes of single, live thalamus neurons of mice. Standard Krebs ACSF solution (control) contained blockers to inhibit all interfering currents, except Ih currents. DEX reduced the Ih current in both SHANK3-WT and KO mice. Discovery of novel electrophysiological biomarkers for ASD was determined, as SHANK-KO mice had lower Ih current, lower resting membrane potential, and higher input resistance values than SHANK-WT mice. Laser with K+, cAMP, and FITC solutions significantly raised the Ih current in SHANK-KO neurons. Laser pulses with F002 reduced Ih currents, suggesting that photochemical generation of singlet oxygen can cause oxidative stress and modulate HCN channels. Trolox C (antioxidant) reversed the effects of singlet oxygen in the presence of F002 by increasing the Ih current. The study highlights that patients, especially with ASD, receiving sedation should be monitored closely for reduced arousal, and impaired cognition post-sedation due to suppressed Ih current. Additionally, patients with ASD demonstrate Unique Electrophysiologic biomarkers. cAMP and Laser can be used as novel therapies to reverse Ih current suppression in patients undergoing sedation, and in patients with ASD. Utilizing x-ray crystallography data, one of the largest program database files was created for the HCN channel, and was visualized on the Virtual Molecular Dynamics and CHARMM GUI membrane builder programs.
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